Public Funding of Political Parties and Rada Members in Post-Electoral Period

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18523/kmlpj249898.2021-7.51-76

Keywords:

political parties, public funding, parliamentarians, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine

Abstract

This study addresses the issue of the efficiency of public funding mechanisms. Using the Ukrainian experience as an example, the article covers recently introduced amendments and their effect on the overall efficiency of public funding. Further, the article analyzes possible ways for mitigating existing shortcomings of public funding mechanisms and outlines suggested solutions. Complemented with semi-structured interviews with current Members of Rada, the article strives to provide insights and suggestions to issues of political independence, political corruption, accountability, and transparency.

Author Biography

Yuliia Shaipova, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Ukraine

Yuliia Shaipova serves as a Legal and Policy Adviser to a Ukrainian Member of Parliament. Yuliia holds a Master of Law Degree from the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. She has presented the results of this research at the Summer School on Political Parties and Democracy that was conducted by the OSCE/ODIHR, with results being positively perceived by the OSCE experts. Yuliia has also contributed to academic events held by and in collaboration with Heidelberg University, Jagiellonian University, Heinrich Heine University, and Washington and Lee Law School of Law.

References

  1. ACE The Electoral knowledge framework. “Parties and candidates.” Accessed July 9, 2021. https://aceproject.org/ace-en/topics/pc/pca/pca02/pca02a/pca02a4.
  2. Bretan, Juliette. “Polish MPs vote to give themselves 60% pay rise.” Notes from Poland, August 14, 2020. Accessed November 30, 2021. https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/08/14/polish-mps-vote-to-give-themselves‑60‑pay-rise/.
  3. Centre for Politcal and Legal Reforms. “Konsolidovanyi vysnovok na zakonoproekt № 1029 v chastyni vnesennia zmin do Zakonu Ukrainy “Pro politychni partii v Ukraini” [Legal Opinion on the Draft Law No. 1029 Concerning Amendments to the Law of Ukraine on Political Parties in Ukraine], Centre for Political and Legal Reforms, September 5, 2019, https://bit.ly/2WHACCr.
  4. Civic movement “Chesno” [Honestly]. “Do triokhsot tysiach za khvylynu: skilky koshtuvatyme reclama na TB (utochneno) [Up to Three Hundred per Minute: How much will the TV advertisement cost (update)],” Civic movement “Chesno” [Honestly]. January 11, 2019. Accessed November 30, 2021. https://www.chesno.org/post/843/.
  5. Civic movement “Chesno” [Honestly]. Na finansuvannia partiy u 2021 rotsi peredbacheno 697 milioniv hryven: khto i skilky otrymaye? [697 Million Hryvnias Envisaged for Public Funding in 2021: Who Gets How Much?] Civic movement “Chesno” [Honestly], January 15, 2021. Accessed November 30, 2021. https://www.chesno.org/post/4471/.
  6. Committee of Ministers. “Recommendation Rec (2003)4 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on common rules against corruption in the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns.” Accessed July 21, 2021. https://rm.coe.int/16806cc1f1.
  7. Constitution of Ukraine. Adopted on June 28, 1996. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy 30 (1996): 141. Accessed July 16, 2021. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#top.
  8. Draft Law on Amending the Law of Ukraine on Political Parties in Ukraine on Improving the Rules on Suspending and Depriving of Public Funding of Political Party’s Statutory Activities № 5253, registered March 17, 2021, accessed July 20, 2021, https://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb2/webproc4_1?pf3511=71428.
  9. European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). “Code of Good Practice in the Field of Political Parties.” Accessed July 25, 2021, https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2009)002‑e.
  10. European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). “Guidelines and Report on the Financing of Political Parties.” Accessed July 16, 2021.https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/?pdf=CDL–INF(2001)008‑e.
  11. European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). “Guidelines on Political Party Regulation by OSCE/ODIHR and Venice Commission. Accessed July 17, 2021. https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2010)024‑e.
  12. Evertson, Nubia. Political corruption and campaign financing. Department of Criminology Report Series, Report 2008:2, Stockholm University, (Stockholm: 2008), 101 p.
  13. Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Fund and Razumkov Center. “Perception of Ukrainians on Political Parties and Sources of Their Funding.” Accessed July 26, 2021. https://dif.org.ua/article/stavlennya-ukraintsiv-do-politichnikh-partiy-i-dzherel-ikh-finansuvannya.
  14. Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Fund. “Perception of Citizens on Political Situation, Elections and Parties. Press-release.” Accessed July 13, 2021. https://dif.org.ua/uploads/pdf/11837777675979e41751cad8.18422987.pdf.
  15. Independent Political Standards Authority. “MPs Expenses: A Consultation.” Accessed July 24, 2021. https://bit.ly/3d68BeT.
  16. Kotsiuruba, Olha. Publichne finansuvannia politychnykh partiy: perspektyva dlia Ukraiiny na dosvidi Polshchi. [Public Financing of Political Parties: Perspective for Ukraine Based on Poland’s Experience]. Lviv University Journal, Law Series 57 (2013), pp. 179–188.
  17. Latvian Public Broadcasting. “LTV broadcast looks at work and salaries of MPs in five countries.” Public broadcasting of Latvia, February 9, 2021. Accessed November 30, 2021. https://eng.lsm.lv/article/politics/saeima/ltv-broadcast-looks-at-work-and-salaries-of-mps-in-five-countries.a392138/.
  18. Law of Ukraine on Amending Some Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Preventing and Combating Political Corruption. Adopted October 8, 2015. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy 49–50 (2015): 449. Accessed July 13, 2021. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/731–19#Text.Law of Ukraine on Amending Some Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Securing Efficiency of Corruption Prevention Institutional Mechanisms. Adopted October 2, 2019. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy 47 (2019): 311. Accessed July 17, 2021. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/140–20#top.
  19. Law of Ukraine on Amending the Law of Ukraine on State Budget of Ukraine for 2020. Adopted April 13, 2020. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy 19 (2020): 126. Accessed July 14, 2021. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/553–20#Text.
  20. Law of Ukraine on Political Parties. Adopted April 5, 2021. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy 23 (2001): 118. Accessed July 9, 2021. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2365–14.
  21. Law of Ukraine on Status of the Member of Parliament of Ukraine. Adopted November 17, 1992. Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy 3 (1993): 17. Accessed July 6, 2021. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2790–12.
  22. Mair, Peter, and Katz, Richard S. “Party Organization, Party Democracy, and the Emergence of the Cartel Party”. In the Party System Change: Approaches and Interpretations, edited by Peter Mair, 93–119. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
  23. Meleshevych, Andriy. Cost of Parliamentary Politics in Ukraine. Kyiv-Mohyla Law & Politics Journal 2 (2016), 147–170.
  24. Meleshevych, Andriy. Party Systems in Post-Soviet Countries a Comparative Study of Political Institutionalization in the Baltic States, Russia, and Ukraine. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
  25. Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. “Average Salary in Ukraine.” Accessed July 27, 2021. https://index.minfin.com.ua/ua/labour/salary/average/.
  26. Minutes No. 102 of the Meeting of Committee on the Rules of Procedure, MPs Ethics, and the Work Organization of the Verkhovna Rada. December 8, 2017. Accessed July 17, 2021. http://reglament.rada.gov.ua/documents/protokol_z/73573.html.
  27. National Agency for Prevention of Corruption. “Dokhody, v tomu chysli i podarunky: Roz’yasnennia NAZK [Income, Gifts included: NAPC clarification].” Accessed July 25, 2021. https://nazk.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/11–1.pdf.
  28. National Agency for Prevention of Corruption. NAZK rozpodilylo koshty derzhavnogo finansuvannia politychnym partiyam [NAPC has Distributed Direct Public Funding Amount among Parliamentary Parties]. NAPC, February 11, 2020, accessed November 30, 2021, https://nazk.gov.ua/uk/novyny/nazk-rozpodilylo-koshty-derzhavnogo-finansuvannya-parlamentskym-partiyam/.
  29. National Agency for Prevention of Corruption. “Public Funding of the Political Parties’ Statutory Activities in 2020.” Accessed July 14, 2021. https://nazk.gov.ua/uk/documents/pro-derzhavne-finansuvannya-politychnyh-partij/.
  30. National Agency on Corruption Prevention. Pyatiom parlamentskim partiyam pererakhovano koshty derzhavnogo finansuvannia [Amounts of Public Funding has been Transferred to Five Parliamentary Parties]. National agency on Corruption Prevention, July 29, 2021, accessed November 29, 2021, https://nazk.gov.ua/uk/novyny/politychna-koruptsiyaya-novyny/p-yatom-parlamentskym-partiyam-pererahovano-koshty-derzhavnogo-finansuvannya/.
  31. OSCE. “Handbook on Combatting Corruption.” Accessed June 26, 2021. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/0/3/232761.pdf.
  32. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. “Financing of political parties. Recommendations 1516 (2001).” Accessed July 6, 2021. http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=16907&lang=en.
  33. Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe. “Principles of democracy” No. 800 (1983). Resolution. Accessed June 23, 2021. http://www.assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-en.asp?fileid=16211&lang=en.
  34. Resolution of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on Financial Support of the MPs’ Activities. Adopted December 12, 2017. Accessed July 6, 2021. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2240–19.
  35. Riigikogu. “Salaries of MPs.” Accessed July 7, 2021. https://www.riigikogu.ee/en/parliament-of-estonia/composition/salaries-of-mps/.
  36. Sejm Rzeczpospolita. “О wykonywaniu mandatu posła i senatora.” Ustawa z dnia 9 maja 1996 r. Accessed July 7, 2021. http://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/mandat/kon6.htm.
  37. Shveda, Yuriy. Teoriya politychnykh partiy ta partiynykh system: navchalnyi posibnyk [Theory of Political Parties and Party Systems: Study Guide]. Lviv: Publishing Centre of the Ivan Franko Lviv National University, 2003. 325 p.
  38. Statistics Poland. “Average Gross Wage in 4th 2020.” Accessed July 7, 2021. https://stat.gov.pl/en/latest-statistical-news/communications-and-announcements/list-of-communiques-and-announcements/average-gross-wage-in-the‑4th‑2020,281,29.html.
  39. Tokar, Olena. “Protsedurni ta pravovi aspekty formuvannia deputatskykh obiednan Verkhovnoi Rady Ukrainy” [Procedural and Legal Aspects of Formation of Parliamentary Associations of Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine], National Institute for Strategic Studies (2012). Accessed May 20, 2021. https://niss.gov.ua/sites/default/files/2012–05/Parliament_thesis-b37bc.pdf.
  40. Ukrainska Pravda (Ukrainian Truth). “Sluha Narodu” poky ne mozhe vidmovytys vid derzhgroshey na koryst borotby z COVID‑19 [“Sluha Narodu cannot yet Give Up Public Funding in Favor of Fight with COVID‑19]. Ukrainska Pravda, April 7, 2020, https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2020/04/7/7246859/.
  41. Vaino, Roberta. “Lithuania’s Average Wage Rises Above Estonia’s.” ERR.ee, December 18, 2020. https://news.err.ee/1212541/lithuania-s-average-wage-rises-above-estonia-s.
  42. Walecki, Marcin. Political Money and Political Corruption: Considerations for Nigeria. INEC–Civil Society Forum, November 27–28, 2003. Accessed November 29, 2021, https://www.ifes.org/sites/default/files/nigeria_political_money_and_political_corruption.pdf.
  43. Yashchuk, Mykola, and Dmytro Ostapchuk. “The Cost of Politics: What Should Be the Price of Democracy in Ukraine.” Vox Ukraine. Accessed July 7, 2021. https://voxukraine.org/en/cina-polityki-en/.

Downloads

Published

2021-12-29

How to Cite

Shaipova, Y. (2021). Public Funding of Political Parties and Rada Members in Post-Electoral Period. Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal, (7), 51–76. https://doi.org/10.18523/kmlpj249898.2021-7.51-76

Issue

No. 7 (2021): Kyiv-Mohyla Law & Politics Journal

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Yuliia Shaipova

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal provides free access to original research without restriction barriers (i.e. subscription fees, licensing fees etc.).

Unless otherwise indicated, content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, which means you are free to:

distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially

...provided that any use is made with attribution to author(s) and Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal.

The copyright in the article or any other submission to Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal shall remain with the author(s).

The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright without restrictions and will retain publishing rights without restrictions.