Exploring Shades of Corruption Tolerance: Tentative Lessons from Iceland and Sweden

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18523/kmlpj189994.2019-5.141-164

Keywords:

corruption, tolerance of corruption, norms, social trust, quality of government, public administration, bureaucratic ethics

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to explore the effects of corruption tolerance on corruption levels. Strong claims are made in the literature to the effect that tolerance of corruption is universally low. We show, however, that there are non-trivial variations in tolerance of corruption, and that these are significantly related to commonly used indices of corruption. This suggests that understanding which factors shape corruption tolerance is important. Here, our concern is with the effects of elite structures on corruption. We first ask if closeness to power affects corruption tolerance and if the general population is less tolerant than elite groups. We then ask if different elite groups — e. g., politicians and civil servants respectively — are likely to form different standards regarding corruption. To hold certain external variables constant, the paper focuses on two relatively homogeneous, low-corruption countries: Sweden and Iceland. Our findings suggest that whereas little supports the closeness to power hypothesis — the general population is not less tolerant of corruption than elites — there may be important differences in how different elite groups within these countries view corrupt activities. This has implications for how corruption can be contained.

Author Biographies

Gissur Ólafur Erlingsson, Centre for Local Government Studies Linköping University

An associate professor in political science, Linköping University, Sweden. His main research interest is corruption and other forms of illicit or unethical practices in the public sector. Erlingsson has published himself on these issues in journals such as Governance, International Journal of Public Administration, Government and Opposition, Public Integrity and Local Government Studies; as well as the monograph A Clean House: Studies of Corruption in Sweden (Nordic Academic Press).an associate professor in political science, Linköping University, Sweden. His main research interest is corruption and other forms of illicit or unethical practices in the public sector. Erlingsson has published himself on these issues in journals such as Governance, International Journal of Public Administration, Government and Opposition, Public Integrity and Local Government Studies; as well as the monograph A Clean House: Studies of Corruption in Sweden (Nordic Academic Press).

Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson, Department of Political Science University of Iceland

Professor in political science, University of Iceland, Iceland. Kristinsson is an expert on political trust, legitimacy and issues pertaining to irregularities in public decision making, such as clientelism, patronage and other practices related to corruption. He is published on these topics in journals such as Acta Politica, West European Politics and Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration, as well as edited volumes such as Party Patronage and Party Government in European Democracies (Oxford University Press)  and Clientelism, Interests, and Democratic Representation (Cambridge University Press).

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How to Cite

Erlingsson, G. Ólafur, & Kristinsson, G. H. (2019). Exploring Shades of Corruption Tolerance: Tentative Lessons from Iceland and Sweden. Kyiv-Mohyla Law and Politics Journal, (5), 141–164. https://doi.org/10.18523/kmlpj189994.2019-5.141-164

Issue

No. 5 (2019): Legal and Political Challenges of Anticorruption Activities

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Articles

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Copyright (c) 2019 Gissur Ólafur Erlingsson, Gunnar Helgi Kristinsson

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